Description and Characteristics
– Cedrus trees can grow up to 30-40m (occasionally 60m) tall.
– They have spicy-resinous scented wood.
– The bark is thick, ridged, or square-cracked.
– The branches are broad and level.
– The leaves are evergreen and needle-like, arranged in an open spiral phyllotaxis.
Taxonomy and Phylogeny
– Cedars have a similar cone structure to firs (Abies).
– Molecular evidence supports a basal position in the family.
– They were traditionally thought to be closely related to firs.
– Cedrus species include C. brevifolia, C. deodara, C. atlantica, and C. libani.
– Fossil wood of C. libani has been found in Early Cretaceous sediments.
– Phylogenetic analysis shows the relationships between different Cedrus species.
Ecology and Adaptation
– Cedars are adapted to mountainous climates.
– They receive winter precipitation, mainly as snow, and summer drought.
– In the western Himalaya, they receive primarily summer monsoon rainfall.
– Some Lepidoptera species use cedars as food plants for their larvae.
– Cedars are not native to the Americas, but other genera like Juniperus are called cedar.
Uses and Practical Applications
– Cedar wood has a woody, slightly sweet scent and distinctive color and grain.
– Cedars are popular ornamental trees in temperate climates.
– They can withstand temperatures as low as -30°C.
– Cedar wood and cedarwood oil are natural repellents to moths.
– Cedars are suitable for training as bonsai trees.
– Cedarwood oils have various uses in industries such as perfumery and aromatherapy.
– Cedrus wood is valued for its durability and is used in construction and furniture making.
– The U.S. Forest Service highlights the importance of Cedrus in arboriculture.
Common Names and Misconceptions
– The American Conifer Society recommends calling certain species ‘red-cedars’ or ‘white-cedars’ instead of true cedars (Cedrus).
– False Cedars, such as Calocedrus, Thuja, and Chamaecyparis, are often mistakenly referred to as cedars.
– Different regions and cultures may have their own common names for Cedrus.
